उर्दू उपन्यास के सौ साल/रंजन जैदी

उर्दू उपन्यास के सौ साल/रंजन जैदी

कुर्रतुल-एन हैदर 

उर्दू उपन्यास  ने जबसे अपनी उम्र के १०० साल पूरे किये हैं, साहित्यकारों के बीचचर्चों के बाज़ार गर्म हैं.  मजनूँ गोरखपुरी के उपन्यासों को अब स्पष्ट रूप से कहा जा सकता है कि उनके समस्त उर्दू उपन्यास हार्डी  के उपन्यासों का चरबा है. लेकिन मिर्ज़ा हादी रुसवा के उपन्यास उमराव जान अदा पर यह आरोप नहीं लगाया जा सकता, बल्कि कहा जा सकता है कि उनका उपन्यास उन्नीसवीं शताब्दी के उत्तरार्ध के सामाजिक जीवन के यथार्थ की ऐसी मनोवैज्ञानिक प्रस्तुति रही है जिसने उपन्यास को एक मुकम्मल और पहले उपन्यास की हैसियत प्रदान कर दी.

      यह अभिव्यक्ति का ऐसा माध्यम बना जिसने सर सय्यद के तत्कालीन सामाजिक, सांस्कृतिक और राजनीतिक आन्दोलन को एक भाषा और बोलने की शक्ति प्रदान की. इस आन्दोलन की शृंखला में रतन नाथ सरशार, ऐतिहासिक उपन्यास लिखने वाले उपन्यासकार अब्दुल हलीम शरर, और मुंशी प्रेमचंद अग्रिणी लेखकों  में गिने जाने लगे. 

    १९४८ में फिक्र तौन्सवीं का छठा  दरिया भारत-पाक विभाजन के दौरान लिखी गयी उनकी एक ऐसी थी जिसमें रोज़ की सम्प्रदियिक हिंसा, गमन और हिन्दू-मुस्लिम दंगों का रोजनामचा दर्ज किया गया था. इसे मैंने पहली बार हिंदी में अनूदित कर हिंदी मासिक पत्रिका  गंगा (संपादक:कमलेश्वर) में दिया जिसे धारावाहिक रूप में प्रकाशित किया गया.

चांदनी बेगम

डायरी

    अब्दुल्ला हुसैन का उपन्यास उदास नस्लें हालाँकि १९६२  में प्रकाश में आया था लेकिन उसमें अंग्रेजी साम्राज्य के षड्यंत्रों, अंग्रेजों के विरुद्ध आक्रोश, भारतीय आज़ादी के आन्दोलन की पृष्ठभूमि  और अनेक ऐसे आयामों का चित्रण प्रस्तुत किया गया है कि वह एक क्लासिक की हैसियत हासिल करने में कामियाब होता नज़र आता है. 

    १९६९ में हयातुल्लाह अंसारी का एक वृहद उपन्यास लहू के फूल का प्रकाशन हुआ जो आज़ादी से पूर्व के हिन्दुतान में रह रहे दलितों की समस्याओं पर आधारित था.

The Stranger

The Stranger

 “Islam initiated as something strange.....

 

The Messenger of Allah   (Sal Allahu Alaihi Wa Sallam)   said:

 “Islam initiated as something strange, and it will revert to its (old position) of being strange.
 So glad tidings to the stranger!” .

In Madina Abu Dharr (RA) was one of those who had neither house, property, wealth nor family. He stayed in the Masjid and spent all his time learning the Quran and Ahadith.   Abdullah, son of Imam Ahmad bin Hanbal narrated that it was suggested to Abu Dharr (RA) that he buy a farm as others had done. He replied,  “What benefits do I get by becoming a landlord  ?    I only need a drink of water a day, and a cafiz (small bag) of wheat per week.
” [Hilyat-ul Awliya Wa Tabaqaat al-Asfiya]
At Rabadha, Abu Dharr (RA) led a very humble life isolated from people. Abu Dharr (RA) had nothing except a bedouin black canopy that provided him with shade. He  had a wife, an old woman of swarthy complexion, and they had no children. Abdullah bin Khirash met him there while Abu Dharr (RA) was sitting on a dry and lacerated traveler's bag filled with stones. Encouraging him to take a second wife he said, “O Abu Dharr, if you remain like this, you will die having no offspring !  ” Abu Dharr (RA) replied, “Praise be to Him Who withholds them in this ephemeral abode, and Who grants them as eternal blessings in the hereafter
.” [Hilyat-ul Awliya Wa Tabaqaat al-Asfiya]

It is amazing how little the comforts of this world tempted Abu Dharr (RA). He was content with the fact that he would get all desirable things in Jannah (Paradise) and Jannah he strove for ! How many soft cushions we have, and how we struggle to make our lives more luxurious! But Abu Dharr's understanding of the temporary and beguiling nature of this world was deep.

How strange these people seem to the rest of us ! The Messenger of Allah (sal Allahu alaihi wa sallam)
sends glad tidings to these strangers.
Please remember us in your prayer.

दुआ ही से फ़क़त कटती नहीं ज़ंजीर मौलाना.../ --हबीब जालिब

दुआ ही से फ़क़त कटती नहीं ज़ंजीर मौलाना...

Gaza Under Attack – Nov 14, 2012 

Gaza Under Attack – July 23, 2014 In Photos

                                           बहुत   मैंने सुनी है आपकी तक़रीर मौलाना
मगर बदली नहीं अब तक मेरी तक़दीर मौलाना
खुदारा सब्र की तलकीन अपने पास ही रखें
ये लगती है मेरे सीने पे बन कर तीर मौलाना
नहीं मैं बोल सकता झूठ इस दर्ज़ा ढिठाई से
यही है ज़ुर्म मेरा और यही तक़सीर मौलाना
हक़ीक़त क्या है ये तो आप जानें और खुदा जाने
सुना है जिम्मी कार्टर आपका है पीर मौलाना

ज़मीनें हो वडेरों की, मशीनें हों लुटेरों की
ख़ुदा ने लिख के दी है आपको तहरीर मौलाना
करोड़ों क्यों नहीं मिलकर फ़िलिस्तीं के लिए लड़ते
दुआ ही से फ़क़त कटती नहीं ज़ंजीर मौलाना...
--हबीब जालिब

The Science behind the Veil (Hijab)

The Science behind the Veil (Hijab)

There are number of healths and moral benefits that wearing the veil can provide the moral duty of wearing the veil (Hijab) in Islam is an Often-discussed topic among Muslim women. However, little has been written about scientific reasons that the veil is beneficial for society. There are, in fact, a number of health benefits that wearing the veil can provide, as well as many behavioral science studies that suggest that the Veil is the best attire (clothes) for women.

Protecting the head is very important from a health perspective. Results Of medical tests show

that 40-60% of body heat is lost through the head, so persons wearing head coverings during cold months are protected about Fifty-percent more than those who do not. Chinese & Muslim medical texts take this concept even further. In the Hua Di Nei Jing (The Yellow Emperor’s Classic on Internal Medicine), wind is said to cause sudden changes within the body, & shaking, swaying, & Other movements that potentially upset the body’s equilibrium; thus, creating bad health.

These texts attribute the common cold to wind elements entering the body & causing the typical symptoms of sneezing & a Runny nose. In the traditional Islamic medical texts of Al Jawziyya, we can find numerous references to the “four elements” of fire, water, air, & earth, & How these affect the body in adverse ways. In particular, we are advised to stay away from drafts & to protect our heads in wind, breezes, drafts, & Cold weather.

All outdoor workers should wear some sort of head covering:

For this reason; protecting the head is even more important in warm weather. V.G. Rocine, a prominent brain research specialist, has found that brain Phosphorus melts at 108 degrees; a temperature that can be easily reached if one stays under the hot sun for any length of time without a head covering. When this happens, irreversible brain damage, memory loss & loss of some brain functions can result. Although this example is extreme, Brain damage can still be measured in small degrees from frequent exposure to & overheating of the head. Bernard Jensen, a naturopath & chiropractor, States that this is because the brain runs on the mineral phosphorus, which is very affected by heat.

Hygienic Purposes:

All public should wear a veil or head-covering Workers serving society to ensure cleanliness & purity. Workers in a Number of professions wears “veils” – nurses, fast food workers, and deli Counter workers, restaurant workers & servers, doctors, health care Providers, & many more. In fact, when we compare the number of workers who cover their heads to the number who do not, we find that more people Probably cover their heads than do not.

Social Influence:

Aside from personal & public health benefits of the Veil, it has numerous other benefits to society. In analysing visual data, Ball & Smith discuss the acknowledgement of sociologists that visual representations are influential in shaping people’s views of the world & their interpretations of life. Men use visual data to interpret their relationships with the women around them.

Many studies have found that when a person tries to rewire there instinctual perceptions, they are usually only rewired on the surface; their original perceptions still exist on some level. Brain studies show that we exist in a world of constantly varying light variables that force the brain to perform what is called “lateral inhibition” consequently, it provides us with a “steady” image as opposed to a “true” image of what we see.

Furthermore, lateral inhibition networks operate as part of the ” Unconscious” brain; largely, without providing any information to the ” Conscious” part of the brain about what they are doing. Therefore, the brain can provide varying perceptions of the world without our even being fully conscious of what it is processing.

Further studies cited in Encyclopedia Britannica show that how a female presents herself to society falls under the category of ritualised behaviour through which animals provide specific information to other animals, usually members of its own species. Virtually all-higher animals, Including humans, use displays to some extent to do this, & the best known displays are visual ones.

Some biologists actually restrict the term display to refer to visual signals or gestures. These visual signals, which in animals can be simply a bright colour or plume, encourage attraction. In humans, they are usually exhibited in ornamental hair, make up, or clothing.

In our society, most of the time attractive hairstyles & clothing are worn for the purpose of making the adorner more attractive (advertising & Television has institutionalised this reality). The ever-changing variations in fashion tend to affect the brain because it typically has trouble constantly adjusting to changing shadows & forms in the world.

Reasonably then, through “lateral inhibition,” the brain automatically simplifies these images into the unconscious message that attractive hair & clothing is meant to attract. Joining these two concepts together, we can see how the human male could receive the signal of ” attraction” from the brain before he has enough time to “block” it by “lowering his gaze.” Having to re-form an image already processed by the lateral inhibition network is a cause of stress for most people. Doing this day after day, after seeing many “displays,” potentially causes a great cumulative stress on society. Having to re-form an image already processed by the lateral inhibition network is a cause of stress for most people. Doing this day after day, after seeing many “displays,” potentially causes a great cumulative stress on society.

Present day stresses arise from many things; among these are the vast amounts of visual & physical input we are bombarded with in this “Information age” of personal freedom. The problem we face in this is that the body still continues to respond in the same fashion as during primitive times, releasing large amounts of these hormones, which can be very harmful . They can cause an increase in blood pressure, damage muscle tissue, lead to infertility, inhibit growth, damage the hippocampus, & suppress the immune system .

The two most effective solutions to this problem are, first , to convince the advertising industry, & society as a whole, to alter the presentation of women to our males. The second & more viable way is to simply influence women to dress modestly , which will help ensure that they do not send inappropriate visual signals to men. 

دین مُلّا فی سبیل اللہ فساد

مُلّا،مولانا،خطیب،مُبلّغ،مُفسّر،مُحدّث،مُقرّر،ذاکر،دانشور،فلسفی اور عالم ِدین کے     درمیان فرق کو بھی ملحوظ خاطر رکھیں۔ یہ وہ مُلّا اور مُلّائیت ہے جس نے اسلام اور مسلمان کودشمن اسلام سے زیادہ نقصان پہنچایا ہے،جس نے دین فروشی کی ہے،جس نے محمؐد و اُمّت محمدؐ کے نام کو بلیک میل کیا ہے،جس نے مسلمان کو دہشت گرد مشہور کروایا ہے، جو زمین پر رہ کر جنت کا سرٹیفکیٹ جاری کرتا ہے،جو دین میں اتحاد کا نہیں نفاق کا موجب ہے کہ اسکی دوکانداری اسی طرح چلتی ہے،جو اہل علم اور اہل فکر کا مخالف ہے، جس نے عام مسلمان کو حصول علم سے اس لیئے دور رکھا ہوا ہے کہ اگر عام مسلمان بھی علم حاصل کر گیا تو اسکا کیا بنے گا۔ وہ مُلّا جو یہ بے تکی دلیل دیتا ہے کہ علم دین کی ترسیل صرف اسکا اور اسکی جماعت کا حق ہے۔ مُلّا اور مُلّائیت ایک زہر ہے جو ہم اپنے ہاتھوں خود پی رہے ہیں-

          یہ بات سامنے کی ہے کہ دین کی اشاعت و تدریس میں ہمارے علماء کرام کا جتنا ہاتھ ہے ۔ اس کی حصہ داری کا کوئی اور متحمل نہیں ہوسکتا ۔ ان کی عزت و تکریم ہم پر واجب ہے ۔ مگر فکری ذہن رکھنے والوں کو اس بات کا بھی حق ہے    کہ وہ سوچیں کہ مسلمانوں میں تقسیم در تقسیم کا عمل کیونکر پیدا ہوا ۔   قرآن      کی  تفہیم پر اتنے اختلافات کیوں ہیں ۔ ایک عام مسلمان صرف قرآن کے ناظرے تک کیوں محدود ہوا ۔ قرآن فہمی سے دوری کا سبب کیا ہے اس انتشار (کے اوس) سے نکلنے کی دوہی صورتیں ہیں۔پہلی صورت یہ کہ   
اگر ہم مسلمان کی زندگی جینا چاہتے ہیں تو ہمیں اس پر یقین ہونا چاہیئے کہ مسلم قومیت کا معیار اشتراکِ دین ہے، اور ہمیں اس معیار کے مطابق ایک اُمّت اور ایک ملّت بننا ہے۔اور اگر ہم اس پر یقین نہیں رکھتے کہ قومیت کا معیار اشتراکِ دین ہے تو ہمیں کھلے بندوں اس کا اعتراف کرنا چاہیئے۔  
                                         

۔منافقت کی زندگی جراءتوں کومفقود اور حوصلوں کو پست کردیتی ہے۔ایک طبقہ

The apartheid wall> Palestine

ہمارے ہاں مذہب پرستوں کا ہے۔یہ قرآن کے متعلق یہ اعلان کرتے رہتے ہیں کہ یہ دنیا کی بے مثل و بے نظیر کتاب ہے، جس میں زندگی کے تمام معاملات کا بہترین اور مکمل حل دیا گیا ہے، اور دوسری طرف ان کا عقیدہ یہ بھی ہے کہ یہ کتاب (معاذ اللہ) تضادات سے بھری ہوئی ہے، نامکمل ہے ، مبہم ہے، غیر واضح ہے، غیر مربوط ہے، ناقابلِ فہم ہے۔ ظاہر ہے کہ جو قوم اپنی آسمانی     کتاب کے متعلق اس قسم کے متضاد عقائد کی حامل ہو وہ زندگی کے دیگر معاملات میں کس طرح یک سوہوسکتی ہے۔                                                            

     دوسری  صورت یہ کہ اگرہمیں مسلمان قوم کی حیثیت سے جینا ہے تو ہمارے لئے اس کے سوا کوئی چارہ نہیں کہ ہم قرآن کی تعلیم کو عام کردیں جو پوری انسانیت کیلئے مشعل راہ ہے۔ لیکن قرآن کی تعلیم سے مراد وہ تعلیم نہیں جو ہمارے مذہبی مدارس میں "دینی علوم" کی شکل میں دی جاتی ہے اور جو طلباء کو قرآن سے بیگانہ ہی نہیں بنا دیتی، بلکہ اس پر ایمان بھی ختم کر دیتی ہے۔قرآن کی تعلیم ایسی ہونی چاہیئے کہ متعلّم ، علیٰ وجہِ البصیرت یہ محسوس کرنے لگ جائے-

 بلا شک و شبہ یہ کتابِ عظیم نوعِ انسانی کیلئے واحد اور مکمل ضابطۂ حیات ہے اور انسانیت کی مشکلات کا صحیح حل اس کے سوا اور کہیں نہیں مل سکتا۔اس کا دل اس پر گواہی دے کہ اس ضابطۂ حیات کے مطابق زندگی بسر کرنے سے دنیا اور آخرت کی سرفرازیاں اور کامرانیاں نصیب ہوتی ہیں اور اس کے خلاف جانے 

 سے فرد اور قوم کی انسانی زندگی کی اسی طرح موت واقع ہوجاتی ہے۔     یوں  

یوں نہیں کہ؎

نہ تن میں خوں فراہم، نہ اشک آنکھوں میں  

نمازِ شوق واجب ہے!  ! بے وضو ہی سہی